The Importance of Conducting Clinical Trials for Non-Communicable Diseases in High-Prevalence Regions

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases (including heart attacks and stroke), diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), have become a significant global health concern. These diseases are primarily driven by lifestyle factors like poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. However, NCDs are also influenced by genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and parts of Latin America have seen an alarming rise in the prevalence of these diseases, which traditionally were considered concerns of high-income countries.

The Growing Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that NCDs were responsible for at least 43 million people in 2021, a total of 75% of all non-pandemic related global deaths. While the prevalence of these diseases is rising globally, regions with limited access to healthcare resources, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are facing a disproportionate impact. In many of these regions, healthcare systems are often ill-equipped to manage the burden of NCDs effectively. As a result, the outcomes of these diseases are often more severe, and the chance of successful treatment or management is reduced. In a report published by the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, it was stated nearly four out of five NCD-related fatalities take place in low- and middle-income nations.

The Need for Clinical Trials in High-Prevalence Regions

Clinical trials (CTs) are a cornerstone in the development of effective treatments and management strategies for NCDs. However, there remains a significant gap in conducting clinical trials in regions where these diseases are most prevalent. Clinical trials help researchers understand how treatments work in different populations, assess potential side effects, and determine the best course of action for diverse patient groups. Without robust data from regions with high rates of NCDs, the global medical community risks missing critical insights into disease progression and treatment outcomes in these areas.

Read more from Professor Maimouna Ndour Mbaye who addressed the critical need for clinical trials in regions where NCDs are most prevalent, at the PACE Graduation Ceremony.

Preteen Suicide Rates Are Rising globally

Suicide is a significant public health issue that demands a robust and coordinated response. Youth suicide, in particular, has become a growing concern worldwide. Contrary to common assumptions, suicide is not confined to high-income countries but is a phenomenon affecting all regions. In 2021, nearly three-quarters (73%) of global suicides occurred in low- and middle-income countries.

Who Is at Risk?

The connection between suicide, mental health disorders (such as depression and alcohol use disorders), and previous suicide attempts is well-documented, particularly in high-income countries. However, many suicides occur impulsively during moments of crisis, often triggered by an inability to cope with life’s stresses. These may include financial problems, relationship difficulties, or chronic pain and illness.

Experiencing conflict, disaster, violence, abuse, or a sense of isolation is also strongly linked to suicidal behaviour. Vulnerable groups, such as refugees and migrants, indigenous peoples, LGBTI individuals, and prisoners, face disproportionately high suicide rates due to the discrimination and hardships they endure.

The Youngest Are Not Spared

Globally, over 720, 000 people die by suicide annually, making it the third leading cause of death among individuals aged 15–29. Preteens – children aged 8 to 12 – are also affected by suicidal behaviour. Research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) shows that preteen suicide rates have been rising by approximately 8% per year since 2008.

Learn more on how racial and ethnic disparities also emerge in these findings.

Pharmalys and the Mastercard Foundation: Empowering the Next Generation of Clinical Research Professionals